NBC+1

=__"Rats in Space"__=


 * **Cyborg**: cybernetic organism, or cybernetically controlled organism
 * Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline had the idea to alter the organism to fit the environment rather than altering the environment to fit the organism.
 * **Rose**, a 220 gram rat, had an osmotic pump attached to her tail in order to aid homeostasis

=__"Implants and Mergers"​__=


 * **cochlear implants**- electronically stimulate the auditory nerve
 * requires a healthy undamaged auditory nerve
 * McCreery invented a new type of implant that is not limited to healthy auditory nerves
 * Implant connects directly to the brain stem
 * **Kevin Warwick**
 * 1998-implanted silicon in left arm which sends radio signals (able to open doors)
 * 2002-implanted a 100 spike array in his wrist that connected directly to nerve fibers
 * University of Tokyo has developed a way to control the movements of a cockroachby hooking motor neurons to a microprocessor
 * People who are paralyzed may benefit from electronically mediated control of some muscular functions.


 * __ "Monkeys and Robotic Implants" __**

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 * __ "Technologies do NOT have to be wire-and-implants! "__**

"...what we should really care about is not the mere fact of deep implantation or flesh-to-wire grafting, but the complex and transformative nature of the animal-machine relationships that may or may not ensue." (page 22)

example: cochlear implants begin with a simple connection to auditory nerve (one step from hearing aids). Then auditory nerve is bipassed, and signals are sent to actual brain stem. Finally, microelectrodes penetrate ventral cochlear nucleus "bioelectronic interface grows in complexity and moves inward, deeper into the grain and farther away from the periphery of skin, bone, and sense organs, we become correlatively less and less resistant to the idea that we are trading in genuine cyborg technology." (page 22) "We care about the potential of technology to become integrated so deeply and fluidly with our exsisting biological capacities and characteristics that we feel no boundary between ourselves and the nonbiological elements" "We care about the potential of such human-machine symbiosis to transform (for better of for worse) our lives, projects, and capacities."
 * Start simple and get more complex
 * __"Intuitions are Strange and Unstable Things"__**

Does the greatest usable bandwith and potential lie with full implant technologies or with well-designed nonpenetrative modes of personal augmentation?
 * __"Fluidity of Human-Machine Integration & Resulting Transformation May Matter More"__**


 * __"A Day in the Life"__**

-Alarm clock -Driving in car with ABS -Work on Presentation -Turn on Computer -Drink Coffee
 * Real problem-solving engine is biotechnological matrix comprising brain, stacked papers, notes, electronic files, search procedures on computer...

__**"Dovetailing"**__

"Nonpenetrative cyborg technology is all around us and is posed on the brink of a revolution." "...It is a route upon which we as a society have already embarked, and there is no turning back." -Part of our daily lives -Ubiquitous computing -"Third paradigm" computing -Transparent technologies __**"Individual as Human-Machine Hybrid"**__

Can a smart world make you into a cyborg?